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===== Date and country of first publication<ref>Date and country of first publication as informed by the Scopus database (December 2023).</ref>=====
1990<br>
United States
===== Definition =====

Geographical segregation refers to the physical separation of different groups of people based on their race, ethnicity, socio-economic status or other characteristics. This segregation can occur at various levels, including neighborhoods, cities, and regions, and can lead to unequal access to resources, opportunities, and social interactions. Geographical segregation can perpetuate inequalities and limit social mobility for marginalized groups. It can also contribute to the formation of social divides and reinforce stereotypes and prejudices. Efforts to address geographical segregation often focus on promoting diversity, inclusion, and equitable access to resources and opportunities for all residents.
===== Synonyms =====
The following terms are synonymous with geographical segregation:

geographic segregation.

References and literature addressing this segregation form under these synonymous terms can be found below.
==See also==
==Related segregation forms==
Geographical segregation is frequently discussed in the literature with the following segregation forms:

[[residential segregation]], [[social segregation]], [[chicano geographical segregation]], [[spatial segregation]], [[multigroup segregation]], [[economic segregation]], [[income segregation]], [[urban segregation]], [[religious segregation]], [[occupational segregation]]
[[File:geographical_segregation.png|780x780px]]

This visualization is based on the study [[Segregation_Wiki:About| The Multidisciplinary Landscape of Segregation Research]].

For the complete network of interrelated segregation forms, please refer to:

* [https://tinyurl.com/2235lkhw First year of publication]

* [https://tinyurl.com/2d8wg5n3 Louvain clusters]

* [https://tinyurl.com/223udk5r Betweenness centrality]

* [https://tinyurl.com/244d8unz Disciplines in which segregation forms first emerged (Scopus database).]
==References==
==Notes==
<references />
{{NoteAI}}
==Geographical segregation appears in the following literature==

Saenz R., Vinas J. (199). Chicano geographic segregation: A human ecological approach. ''Sociological Perspectives'', ''33''(4), 465-481. https://doi.org/10.2307/1389167

Saenz R., Vinas J. (199). Chicano geographic segregation: A human ecological approach. ''Sociological Perspectives'', ''33''(4), 465-481. https://doi.org/10.2307/1389167

Morrill R.L. (1991). On the measure of geographic segregation. ''Geography Research Forum'', ''11''(), 25-36. https://doi.org/

Lis C., Soly H. (1993). Neighbourhood Social Change in West European Cities: Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries. ''International Review of Social History'', ''38''(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859000111757

Spillmann A. (1995). Social justice and environmental policy. ''International Journal of Social Economics'', ''22''(3), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299510079812

Park K.-S., Kim I.K., Kojima H. (1999). Intergenerational coresidence and nearness in Korea and Japan: Unbalanced aspects of family changes. ''International Journal of Japanese Sociology'', ''8''(1), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6781.1999.tb00066.x

Calavita N., Ferrer A. (2). Behind Barcelona's success story: Citizen movements and planners' power. ''Journal of Urban History'', ''26''(6), 793-807. https://doi.org/10.1177/009614420002600604

Rhode P.W., Strumpf K.S. (2003). Assessing the importance of Tiebout sorting: Local heterogeneity from 1850 to 1990. ''American Economic Review'', ''93''(5), 1648-1677. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282803322655482

Southworth C., Stepan-Norris J. (2003). The Geography of Class in an Industrial American City: Connections between Workplace and Neighborhood Politics. ''Social Problems'', ''50''(3), 319-347. University of California Press.https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2003.50.3.319

Meng G., Hall G.B., Roberts S. (2006). Multi group segregation indices for measuring ordinal classes. ''Computers, Environment and Urban Systems'', ''30''(3), 275-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.06.005

Zeng D.-Z. (2008). New economic geography with heterogeneous preferences: An explanation of segregation. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', ''63''(1), 306-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2007.02.004

Glymour M.M., Manly J.J. (2008). Lifecourse social conditions and racial and ethnic patterns of cognitive aging. ''Neuropsychology Review'', ''18''(3 SPEC. ISS.), 223-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-008-9064-z

Savitch H.V., Tsukamoto T., Vogel R.K. (2008). Civic culture and corporate regime in Louisville. ''Journal of Urban Affairs'', ''30''(4), 437-460. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2008.00408.x

Simmons D. (201). Structural violence as social practice: Haitian agricultural workers, anti Haitianism, and health in the Dominican Republic. ''Human Organization'', ''69''(1), 10-18. Society for Applied Anthropology.https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.69.1.8271r0j17372k765

Bertini M., Shortland A., Milek K., Krupp E.M. (2011). Investigation of Iron Age north eastern Scottish glass beads using element analysis with LA ICP MS. ''Journal of Archaeological Science'', ''38''(10), 2750-2766. Academic Press.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.06.019

Rufino C.C. (2011). Analyzing the Philippines inter regional market integration for rice. ''International Research Journal of Finance and Economics'', ''69''(), 108-127. https://doi.org/

Mionel V., Mionel O. (2012). Changing the paradigm of living in bucharest: The economic segregation of the urban privileged. ''Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management'', ''7''(4), 35-52. https://doi.org/

Clery T.C. (2012). Marketing the "tropical playground": Issues of exclusion and development in Miami's imagery. ''International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research'', ''3''(4), 43-68. https://doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2012100103

Stewart C.M. (2012). Mapping language ideologies in multi ethnic urban Europe: The case of Parisian French. ''Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development'', ''33''(2), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2011.617821

Bossuroy T., Cogneau D. (2013). Social mobility in five African countries. ''Review of Income and Wealth'', ''59''(SUPPL1), S84-S110. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12037

Sussell J. (2013). New support for the big sort hypothesis: An assessment of partisan geographic sorting in California, 1992 2010. ''PS - Political Science and Politics'', ''46''(4), 768-773. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096513001042

Kapoor A.K., Verma D. (2013). Genetic diversity among coastal populations of Maharashtra, Goa and Odisha, India. ''Anthropologist'', ''15''(2), 231-237. Kamla-Raj Enterprises.https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2013.11891311

Hong S.-Y., Sadahiro Y. (2014). Measuring geographic segregation: A graph based approach. ''Journal of Geographical Systems'', ''16''(2), 211-231. Springer Verlag.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-013-0190-7

Selway J. (2015). Ethnic accommodation and electoral rules in ethno geographically segregated societies: PR outcomes under FPTP in Myanmar elections. ''Journal of East Asian Studies'', ''15''(3), 321-360. Lynne Rienner Publishers.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800009103

Rácz J., Csák R., Lisznyai S. (2015). Transition from "old" injected drugs to mephedrone in an urban micro segregate in Budapest, Hungary: A qualitative analysis. ''Journal of Substance Use'', ''20''(3), 178-186. Informa Healthcare.https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2014.895872

Jenkins E.K., Johnson J.L., Bungay V., Kothari A., Saewyc E.M. (2015). Divided and disconnected An examination of youths' experiences with emotional distress within the context of their everyday lives. ''Health and Place'', ''35''(), 105-112. Elsevier Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.08.006

Massey D.S. (2015). Segregation Indices. ''International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition'', 411-413. Elsevier Inc..https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.32130-4

Berg M., Johansson T. (2016). Trust and Safety in the Segregated City: Contextualizing the Relationship between Institutional Trust, Crime related Insecurity and Generalized Trust. ''Scandinavian Political Studies'', ''39''(4), 458-481. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12069

Savitch H.V., Tsukamoto T., Vogel R.K. (2016). Civic Culture and Corporate Regime in Louisville. ''Comparative Civic Culture: the Role of Local Culture in Urban Policy-Making'', 183-214. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315573045-16

Gao S., Yan B., Gong L., Regalia B., Ju Y., Hu Y. (2017). Uncovering the digital divide and the physical divide in Senegal using mobile phone data. ''Advances in Geographic Information Science'', 143-151. Springer Heidelberg.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22786-3_14

Reardon S.F., Bischoff K. (2018). Income Inequality and Income Segregation. ''Inequality in the 21st Century: A Reader'', 426-435. Taylor and Francis.https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429499821-73

Keown M. (2019). From sojourners to citizens: The poetics of space and ontology in diasporic Chinese literature from Aotearoa/New Zealand. ''Journal of Postcolonial Writing'', ''55''(6), 808-823. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2019.1680155

Maya-Jariego I., Peña-Leiva A.D.L., Arenas-Rivera C., Alieva D. (2019). Personal networks, social media, and community cohesion in the strategies of peace building agents in Colombia to counteract the segregation of displaced populations. ''Journal of Community Psychology'', ''47''(6), 1300-1312. Wiley-Liss Inc..https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22173

Mionel V. (2019). From religious segregation to cultural heritage. The case of the armenian community in Bucharest. ''Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis'', ''11''(1), 69-86. Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti.https://doi.org/

Raubenheimer L. (202). Nostalgic Dystopia: Johannesburg as Landscape after White Writing. ''Journal of Literary Studies'', ''36''(4), 123-142. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2020.1822605

Longhi S. (202). Does geographical location matter for ethnic wage gaps?. ''Journal of Regional Science'', ''60''(3), 538-557. Blackwell Publishing Inc..https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12469

Ford R., Jennings W. (202). The Changing Cleavage Politics of Western Europe. ''Annual Review of Political Science'', ''23''(), 295-314. Annual Reviews Inc..https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-052217-104957

Gengler J.J. (202). Information, peer comparison and social interdependence: theorising the impacts of COVID 19 on gulf domestic politics. ''Global Discourse'', ''10''(4), 423-430. Bristol University Press.https://doi.org/10.1332/204378920X16015782017043

Vanderstraeten R., Van der Gucht F. (2021). Educational expansion and socio geographical inequality (Belgium, 1961 2011). ''Paedagogica Historica'', -. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2021.1881800

Yang Y., Liu S., Xiao C., Feng C., Li C. (2021). Evaluating cryospheric water withdrawal and virtual water flows in tarim river basin of china: An input output analysis. ''Sustainability (Switzerland)'', ''13''(14), -. MDPI AG.https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147589

Wen F., Wang Y., Zuo B., Yang J., Qiao Y., Ye H., Luo Z. (2022). Space Focused Stereotypes About People Living With HIV/AIDS and the Effects on Community Approaching Willingness. ''Frontiers in Psychology'', ''13''(), -. Frontiers Media S.A..https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.772639

Maharaj S., Zareey S. (2022). The Other Side of the Tracks: How Academic Streaming Impacts Student Relationships; [O outro lado da divisão do grupo (com base na aptidão): Como a classificação acadêmica afeta os relacionamentos dos alunos]; [El otro lado de la división de grupos (en base a aptitudes): Cómo la clasificación académica afecta las relaciones entre los alumnos]. ''Education Policy Analysis Archives'', ''30''(), -. Arizona State University.https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.30.6905

Dovemark M., Nylund M. (2022). The Janus Face of ‘Freedom of Choice’ in Upper Secondary School Markets. ''Educational Governance Research'', ''18''(), 99-114. Springer Science and Business Media B.V..https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08049-4_6

Pérez V., Hernández-Solano A., Teruel G., Reyes M. (2022). The changing role of employment and alternative income sources among the urban poor: a systematic literature review. ''International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development'', ''14''(1), 124-143. Taylor and Francis Ltd..https://doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2022.2082444

Chow T. (2022). The Geography of Jobs: How Proximity to a Prestige Labor Market Shapes Opportunity for Computer Science Degree Holders. ''Social Sciences'', ''11''(3), -. MDPI.https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030116

Geographical segregation - Revision history

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